![]() In the third edition of that plan it is stated that the ultimate goal is to transition to GNSS that would eliminate the requirement for ground-based aids because these systems are more reliable and precise. In 2002 ICAO published the Global Air Navigation Plan (second edition) that stated that states should identify the elements of GNSS that are provided and look at the economic savings when decommissioning ground-based navigational aids. While an NDB approach is still mandatory to train for your license, it is hardly used anymore for commercial flights. This means that many, expensive ground-based beacons are being dismantled. The first GNSS systems were not very accurate, but as time has passed, they have become very precise in location determination as well as elevation. The solution came towards the end of the 20 th Century when Global Navigation Satellite NSS systems came into play. Although the latest IRS were very precise, there were still challenges. The downside of the land based beacons was their range and errors, and for the IRS that they would wander after a while giving an incorrect position. ![]() To help even more, Inertial Reference Systems (IRS) were developed to provide electronic references with global coverage. The next step in navigation saw beacons on land, which meant we could fly around without needing visual clues. When we first started flying, navigation was based on looking outside the window at landmarks. And if you still have any questions after reading this, do not hesitate to add them in the comments! Some history about navigation in aviation This article will give you an easy overview of all the aspects you have to consider. The challenge, especially for some small operators and/or flight schools is to understand what they have to do about PBN and its associated rules. It may be required in specific airspace and at certain airports depending on the situation. Performance based navigation (PBN), has already been implemented in some countries and in some it is about to be. Understand more about PBN and what it means for your operation? At the bottom the article is also provided as a handy PDF guide.Ģ5 January 2022: Check out the new EASA FAQs on PBN Airspace Usage Requirements on the EASA Website. The article was written by our safety partner Stephen van Houwelingen from STAC as part of his own journey to implement PBN in a small operator. The APAC Flight Procedure Programme ( located in the same premises as RSO in Beijing) is proposing Procedure Design courses to all APAC States.If you are trying to understand Performance Based Navigation (PBN) this article will provide you with all the information you need. ▶ Contents: Introduction to PBN, Terminal Operations under PBN Environment, ATC Considerations in PBN, new PBN procedure review and application, etc. ▶ Contents: airspace review, Ground Validation support, AIP publication review, etc. ◇ PBN procedure design consultation (on request) ▶ Contents: airspace review, ATS route establishment and realignment support, etc. ◇ PBN Airspace review (on request by a State or sub regional bases) ▶ Contents: Area Navigation, Airspace Concept, PBN Concept and PBN Navigation Specifications, PBN Procedure Design Considerations, Good Design Practices, Airspace Volume, CDO and CCO, Case Study on airspace design, etc. ◇ PBN Airspace Design Workshop (in house and on request) What can APAC RSO offer to States?APAC RSO can provide, not limited to, following PBN implementation supports for States: Among them, key activities are RNAV and RNP Instrument Flight Procedure design consultation and reviews, ATC Training customized to newly developed RNAV and RNP procedures by States, airspace and ATS route review for PBN introduction, and PBN Airspace Design Workshop.Īlso, APAC RSO actively participated in APAC PBN Symposium, APAC PBN Implementation and Coordination Group (PBNICG), PBN Operational Approval Workshop and seminars related to PBN implementation. Through the application of Area Navigation (RNAV) and Required Navigation Performance (RNP) specifications, altogether components of PBN, PBN can provide the means for flexible routes and terminal procedures, reduce aviation congestion, conserve fuel, protect the environment, reduce the impact of aircraft noise, improve safety and accessibility to challenging airports, and increase airspace capacity.ĪPAC RSO has supported States on various PBN implementation activities. ![]() Those routes and procedures are composed of way-points which are expressed by WGS 84 coordinates rather than fixes expressed by radial/bearing and distance from ground navigation aids and permit the flexibility of point-to-point operations. ![]() PBN defines performance requirements for aircraft navigating on an ATS route, on a terminal or on an approach procedure. ![]()
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